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Baleine (formerly Port aux Baleines) is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in the Cape Breton Regional Municipality on Cape Breton Island. The community is perhaps best known as the landing site for pilot Beryl Markham's record flight across the Atlantic Ocean (See (Memorial Plaque to Record Flight )). == History == During the Anglo-French War (1627–1629), under Charles I, by 1629 the Kirkes took Quebec City. On 1 July 1629 70 Scots under the leadership of Sir James Stewart, 4th Lord Ochiltree of Killeith, landed at Baleine Cape Breton Island, probably encouraged by Sir Robert Gordon of Lochinar who was one of the first to embark in the scheme for the establishment of colonies in America, having on 8 November 1621 obtained a charter of what was called the barony of Galloway in Nova Scotia, and in 1625 Sir Robert Gordon published a tract on the subject. "Encouragements for such as shall have intention to bee Vndertakers in the new plantation...By mee Lochinvar...Edinburgh, 1625".〔Encovuagements, For fuch as shall have intention to bee Vnder-takers in the new plantation of Cape Briton now New Galloway in America. by mee Lochinvar. Edin. 1625 http://archive.org/stream/cihm_93615#page/n29/mode/2up〕 William Alexander, 1st Earl of Stirling established the first incarnation of “New Scotland” at Port Royal. This set of British triumphs which left only Cape Sable (present-day Port La Tour) as the only major French holding in North America was not destined to last.〔Sarty & Knight (2003), p. 18.〕 Charles' haste to make peace with France on the terms most beneficial to him meant that the new North American gains would be bargained away in the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1632).〔Nichols, 2010. p. xix〕 Ochiltree arrived at Baleine with 60 Brownists and built Fort Rosemar. It was a military colony, one that owed its origins to the exigencies of war, not a permanent agricultural settlement. Ochiltree's primary objective was to erect a military post to assert Charles' claims, and by extension the rights of the Merchant Adventures to Canada, in a crucial theatre that linked the St. Lawrence with Nova Scotia.〔Nichols, 2010. p. 132〕 Ochiltree's party carried a hefty supply of guns, ammunition, and heavy artillery. One of the first acts was to attack and capture a sixty-ton Portuguese barque that they found at anchor near the site of their proposed settlement. The ship was dismantled and stripped of its cannon, which were then used as additional artillery to guard Fort Rosemar.〔Nichols, 2010. p. 133〕 Ochiltree proceeded to capture French fishing vessels off the shores of Cape Breton.〔Nichols, 2010. p. 234〕 During this time when Nova Scotia briefly became a Scottish colony, there were three battles between the Scots and the French: one at Saint John; another at Cap de Sable (present-day Port La Tour); and the other at Baleine. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Baleine, Nova Scotia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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